Cancer Research Blog

Corwin Brown asked:


The prostate is a gland. It helps make semen, the fluid that contains sperm. The prostate surrounds the tube that carries urine away from the bladder and out of the body. A young man’s prostate is about the size of a walnut. It slowly grows larger with age. If it gets too large, it can cause problems. This is very common after age 50. The older men get, the more likely they are to have prostate trouble.

Prostate cancer is an abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells that results in the formation of a tumor in the prostate gland. Prostate, the walnut sized gland, is a part of the reproductive system which lies deep in the pelvis. It is located in front of the rectum and underneath the urinary bladder and surrounds the urethra, (the urine tube running from the bladder, through the prostate and the penis). It contains gland cells that produce some of the seminal fluid, which protects and nourishes sperm cells in semen and supports the ejaculatory ducts, or sperm tubes. The prostate continues to grow till a man reaches adulthood and is maintained after it reaches normal size as long as male hormones are produced.

The growth of prostate cells and the way the prostate gland works is dependent on the male sex hormone, testosterone, which is produced in the testicles.
Prostate cancer develops most frequently in men over fifty. This cancer can occur only in men, as the prostate is exclusively of the male reproductive tract. It is the most common type of cancer in men in the United States, where it is responsible for more male deaths than any other cancer, except lung cancer. However, many men who develop prostate cancer never have symptoms, undergo no therapy, and eventually die of other causes. Many factors, including genetics and diet, have been implicated in the development of prostate cancer.

NHL (Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma) is yet another common form of cancer. This refers to a the growth of a large group of cancers that affect the immunity system. The symptoms of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma are those of fever and weight loss, a sure sign that the immunity system has been affected. This is a cancer that can affect any age group, and its treatment is completely dependent on the stage of detection of the cancer.

Prostate cancer usually grows slowly and initially remains confined to the prostate gland, where it may not cause serious harm. While some types of prostate cancer grow slowly and may need minimal or no treatment, other types are aggressive and can spread quickly. If prostate cancer is detected early — when it’s still confined to the prostate gland — you have a better chance of successful treatment.

Prostate cancer is found mainly in older men. As men age, the prostate may get bigger and block the urethra or bladder. This may cause difficulty in urination or can interfere with sexual function. The condition is called benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and although it is not cancer, surgery may be needed to correct it. The symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia or of other problems in the prostate may be similar to symptoms of prostate cancer.

Radical prostatectomy is a surgery to remove the whole prostate gland and the nearby lymph nodes. Most men who have this surgery are under general anesthesia (puts you into a sleep-like state). After the prostate gland is taken out, a catheter (a narrow rubber tube) is put through the penis into the bladder to carry urine out of the body until the area heals.



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Juliet Cohen asked:


Merkel Cell Cancer also known as Merkel cell carcinoma. MCC sometimes referred to as a neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin, arises from the uncontrolled growth of Merkel cells in the skin. Merkel cell carcinoma frequently appears as firm, painless, shiny lumps of skin. These lumps or tumors can be red, pink, or blue in color and vary in size from less than a quarter of an inch to more than two inches. Merkel cell carcinoma tends to spread fastly (metastasize) to other parts of your body. Merkel cell carcinoma is generally found on the sun-exposed areas of the head, neck, arms, and legs.
This type of cancer occurs mostly in whites between 60 and 80 years of age, but it can arise in people of other races and ages as well. Long-term sun exposure or having a weak immune system may augment your risk of developing Merkel cell carcinoma. The first sign of Merkel cell carcinoma is a fast-growing, painless nodule (tumor) on your skin. The shiny nodule may be skin colored or may seem in shades of red, blue or purple. If the skin cancer has spread to other parts of your body, you may experience swollen lymph nodes, pain or fatigue. MCC appears to be related to sun exposure and immunosuppression.

Sun exposure as a risk factor for MCC is supported by data that explain a rise in incidence corresponding with the solar UVB index. MCC has been associated to conditions such as Human immunodeficiency virus infection, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma (cancer of the lymph system), ectodermal dysplasia (an illness involving abnormal tissue development), and Cowden disease (a disease in which masses of abnormal but benign tissues develop in multiple sites in the body). Surgery is the most common treatment for MCC. Surgery with broad margins is the recommended treatment for MCC.

Mohs micrographic surgery, a method in which individual layers of tissue are removed and examined under a microscope until all cancerous tissue has been removed, may be used instead of traditional surgery with extensive margins. Chemotherapy uses drugs to destroy the cancer cells or prevent them from dividing. Prevention is better than cure. Apply sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of 15 or greater when you head outdoors. Avoid sun exposure as much as likely from 10:00 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Wear a wide-brimmed hat, tightly woven clothing and sunglasses with ultraviolet light (UV) protection.



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Corwin Brown asked:


Vulvar cancer is a relatively rare diagnosis, representing about 5% of all gynecologic cancers, and only about 1% of all female cancers in general. There are about 3,500 new cases reported annually in the US and approximately 900 death a year attributed to this disease. The incidence of vulvar cancers has remained stable over the past two decades but the rates of precancerous lesions has more than doubled over the same period of time. The cause for the growing number of cases is not well-understood.

Vulvar cancer is most common in women over 50 years of age. Additional risk factors for vulvar cancer include having multiple sexual partners, cervical cancer, and the presence of chronic vaginal and vulvar inflammations. This typeof cancer is often associated with sexually transmitted diseases.

The vulva is the skin and fatty tissue between the upper thighs of women, from the area of the anus to about an inch below the pubic hairline. Cancer of the vulva most often affects the two skin folds (or lips) around the vagina, known as the labia.

Vulvar cancer is a rare type of cancer. It forms in a woman’s external genitals, called the vulva. The cancer usually develops slowly over several years. First, precancerous cells grow on vulvar skin. This is called vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), or dysplasia. Not all VIN cases turn into cancer, but it is best to treat it early.

Vulvar cancer forms in a woman’s external genitalia. The vulva includes the inner and outer lips of the vagina, the clitoris (sensitive tissue between the lips), and the opening of the vagina and its glands. Vulvar cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the vulva.

At the front of the vagina, the labia minora meet to form a fold or small hood of skin called the prepuce. Beneath it lies the clitoris, an approximately ¾-inch structure of highly sensitive tissue that becomes swollen with blood during sexual stimulation. At the lower end, just beneath the vaginal opening, is the fourchette, where the labia minora meet. Beyond the fourchette is the anus, the opening to the rectum. The space between the vagina and the anus is called the perineum.

Most women with cancer of the vulva are over age 50. However, it is becoming more common in women under age 40. Women who have constant itching and changes in the color and the way the vulva looks are at a high risk to get cancer of the vulva. A doctor should be seen if there is bleeding or discharge not related to menstruation (periods), severe burning/itching or pain in the vulva, or if the skin of the vulva looks white and feels rough.

Vulvar cancer is usually treated with surgery. The type of surgery depends on the size, depth and spread of the cancer. Your doctor will review all the options for surgery and the pros and cons of each option. Some people may also need radiation therapy.

It is best treated by excision or sometimes by laser evaporation. If a large area is involved and must be removed, then a skin graft can be applied. These premalignant conditions are likely to recur after treatment so continued follow up is a necessity. Another condition that can occur on the vulva and also cause itching and soreness is called lichen sclerosis. It is not a premalignant change, but an atrophy of the skin. It will not be improved by anti-yeast medications either. It can be diagnosed by biopsy.



Posted by Nikhil Gupta

Juliet Cohen asked:


Cancer of the gall bladder is a very uncommon condition. Gall bladder cancer, also called carcinoma of the gall bladder. The gallbladder is a pear-shaped limb underneath the liver that collects and stores bile (a fluid made by the liver to digest fat). Gallbladder cancer starts in the intimate layer of tissue and spreads through the outer layers as it cultivates. Gall bladder cancer tends to spread to nearby organs and tissues such as the liver or small intestine. It also extends through the lymph system to lymph nodes in the region of the liver (porta hepatis). Gallbladder cancer is most frequently seen in older patients, with a median age at diagnosis of 62-66 years.

It arises more often in women’s. Gallbladder cancer is the fifth most common GI cancer in the United States. Gall bladder cancer is very rare affecting only 7,100 people in the United States per year. Gallbladder cancer infrequently produces premature signs and symptoms. When symptoms do seen, they often look like those of other, more common, gallbladder problems such as gallstones or infection. The bulk of these cancers are “adenocarcinomas”, with subtypes such as papillary, nodular, and tubular, depending on the appearance of the tumor cells under the microscope.

Less common subtypes comprise: squamous cell, signet ring cell, and adenosquamous (adenoacanthoma). Gallbladder cancer symptoms consist of jaundice and fever. Most gall bladder cancers are only revealed when they have reached fairly a late stage. They can reason a diversity of symptoms, including sickness and high temperatures, and sudden pain (which may come and go) in the upper right-hand side of the abdomen. The abdomen is the cavity containing several organs including the stomach, gall bladder and liver. Treatment may also depend on the age and general health of the patient and whether the cancer is causing symptoms.

Surgery is a common treatment for cancer of the gallbladder if it has not broadened to surrounding tissues. Laparoscopy is frequently used to eliminate the gallbladder as a treatment for gallstones or chronic irritation of the gallbladder. This operation is called a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Chemotherapy employs drugs to destroy cancer cells. Radiation therapy utilizes high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells and minimize tumors. Radiation for gallbladder cancer generally comes from a machine outside the body (external beam radiation therapy). Radiation may be used alone or in addition to surgery.



Posted by Nikhil Gupta

Brenda Skidmore asked:


You may have heard some alarming health news recently, about how working the ‘graveyard shift’ may increase your odds for developing breast or prostate cancer. This story is based on recent research, over the last 20 years, that does, indeed, find an increased rate of breast cancer among women who work at night. But, please keep in mind that high cancer rates, that have been newly discovered in night workers, does not prove that nighttime work, alone, causes one to get cancer.

It is estimated that about 20 percent of the work force in technologically developed countries work the night shift. One of the first people to spot the night shift-cancer connection was Richard Stevens, a cancer epidemiologist and professor at the University of Connecticut Health Center. In 1987 he published a paper suggesting that there may be a a direct correlation to light at night and breast cancer.

Stevens says, “suspiciously, the incidence of breast cancer rates shot up, starting in the 1930’s, where industrialized cultures considered it advantageous to progressively increase one’s income”.

At the time of Steven’s first observations, most medical research scientists considered the link, between light at night to increased breast cancer rates, to be pretty weird and wacky. However, over the last 20 years, ongoing research on this disturbing news has continued. There is some compelling evidence that indicates that men working the night shift may also have an increased risk of developing prostate cancer.

It is also interesting to note, that in laboratory research studies with test animals, evidence of the light at night theory, supported Steven’s original idea. When light/dark schedules were purposely disrupted, the animals developed more cancerous tumors and died prematurely.

Since the 1980’s, the cancer connection to artificial light at night has received quite a bit of attention. There seems to be enough evidence to support the notion that there is a questionable pattern of increased cancer rates in night, and rotational, shift workers.

If you are a night worker do not panic, and determine that you simply must abandon your current job for personal health safety reasons. Also, consider that these ongoing studies are only one small piece of evidence to a very large puzzle. There are many other risk factors involved in developing cancer. In all fairness, other known cancer risks should also be evaluated into this equation as well, like:

1.Lifestyle choices such as exercise habits, substance abuse problems, or drug addictions

2.Daily dietary food and beverage intakes.

3.Sleep deprivation problems such as insomnia and depression.

4.Amount of exposure time that bare skin has a chance to connect with UV sunlight rays, and vitamin D levels.

5.Amount of emotional stress levels in relation to unresolved personal issues.

All of those key factor risks, and many others, as well as a wider variety of test subjects need to be extensively studied. Most of the current, light at night research studies, so far, have only been performed on the nursing profession and airline crews.

What researchers are suggesting, though, is that there seems to be a rather complicated system, of some sort, to lower levels of melatonin and serotonin in correlation to rotational, and night, shift workers. Melatonin is a endocrine system hormone produced by the pineal gland that helps induce sleep, and is gradually released after dark. The pineal gland is located deep in the center of the brain behind the center point in the forehead between the eyes, and is known to have a reaction to sunlight exposure. It is believed that sunlight exposure coming in through the eyes for approximately 20 minutes a day, without contacts, eyeglasses, or sunglasses appears to play an important role in the releasing of melatonin.

Clearly, when normal sleep/wake (also called circadian rhythm) cycles are interrupted with artificial lighting at night there may be a steep health price to pay, for the sake of earning a living. Long-term supplementation with melatonin is not advisable, either, as it may eventually interfere with your body’s ability to produce it on its own. Use, instead, one of melatonin’s safer precursors like L-tryptophan or 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP). Be advised , that L-tryptophan is only obtainable by presription, however, do not let that intimidate you as it is only a simple amino acid.

As an employer you may consider it financially necessary to use night shifts to voluntarily maximize your company’s profits. But, you may also want to consider employee medical health insurance liabilities, and productivity, too. There might just possibly be lower health insurance rate incentives offered for installing healthier, natural spectrum lighting systems in work station areas, This may help you save even more money, by lowering your energy costs as well.

If you are a rotational, or night, shift worker, sleeping in a darkened room is a must. Do whatever it takes to eliminate, or reduce, light from entering your sleeping environment. You can also improve the quality of your sleep by learning how to practice better sleep hygiene habits. Visit the mercola natural health website and type in the search box, ‘33 secrets to a good nights sleep’.

Above all, listen to your body, if working after dark is causing you various health problems, pay close attention! Treat your symptoms with care, put in for a shift change, or find another job.



Posted by Nikhil Gupta

Jon Simms asked:


Lung tumor is the product of malignant cells forming in the tissues of the lung, usually in the cells lining the air passages. The cells in our bodies are constantly dividing and reproducing. Usually, there’s an organized pattern to this reproduction as cells use and specialize to convene particular needs. Occasionally, however, a faction becomes smashed. There’s a mutation in its DNA, and instead than budding and final as is ordinary, it continues to mimic unimpeded. In essence, this is pest - uncontrolled reproduction and tumor of abnormal cells in the body.

Most lung cancers are assumed to father in the epithelial lining of the lungs - the linings of the large and small airways that perform the errand of extracting oxygen from the air. Because this, lung evil is sometimes called bronchogenic carcinoma - melanoma arising from the bronchia. A smaller percentage of lung cancers arise in the pleura - the emaciated tissue sac that surrounds the lungs. These cancers are called mesothelioma. The most frequent form of mesothelioma is related to asbestos exposure.

Cancer of the lungs is one of the deadliest forms of blight. While it may take a phase of time to stem, the tumor regularly goes undetected pending recent in the manner. In addition, it tends to metastasize (migrate to other parts of the body) early, which leaves minus opportunities to dispute the mutated cells with surgery or radiation. Once the lung bane does metastasize, it briefly spreads to the most vulnerable and important organs of the body, particularly the adrenal glands, the liver, the brain and the bones.

There are two chief forms of lung plague - Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) and Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Small Cell Lung Cancer is fewer everyday, although far more deadly. It’s soon related to cigarette smoking - fewer than 1% of SCLC is diagnosed in non-smokers. It’s also very aggressive and sharp-poignant, metastasizing briskly to other organs, and regularly undiscovered pending it’s already widespread.

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, on the other hand, is far more general, accounting for near 80% of all diagnosed lung cancers. There are three main types of non-small unit lung plague, generally characterized by the dimension, contour, and compound composition of the cells that form the scourge:

Squamous Cell Carcinoma (also termed Epidermoid Carcinoma): accounts for around 25% - 30% of all lung cancers, and is associated with a record of smoking. This canker is near forever found in the vital chest vicinity, near the bronchus.

Adenocarcinoma (also termed Bronchioloalveolar Carcinoma): accounts for around 40% of all lung cancers, and is found in the outer expanse of the lung. Treatment for this form of lung plague often leads to a more successful outcome than that of other lung cancers.

Large-Cell Undifferentiated Carcinoma: accounting for only 10% - 15% of lung cancers, this form may show up in any question of the lung. It tends to butter speedily, and often fallout in a pitiable forecast.

It’s also likely for lung menace to be a combination of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer types.

There are other, less joint types of lung sarcoma. For request, bronchial carcinoids are small tumors often found in people under 40 years of age. They lean to grow gradually, and be willing to dealing. Carcinoid tumors account for about 5% of lung tumors. Some are non-cancerous. The others are generally dawdling-budding and can be successfully treated with surgery.

Finally, some cancers discovered in the lungs aren’t lung cancers at all. Since the lungs are level to metastatic cancers from other sites, it’s not uncommon for tumors from other main cancers to find their way to the lungs. When this occurs, the tumors are often discovered in the peripheral tissues of the lungs fairly than in the principal tissues.

Please tinge that the information provided in this article is for information purposes only. It should not be worn during a wellbeing emergency or for the diagnosis or healing of lung cancer. Such situations should always absorb the expertise of a doctor or health precision supplier.



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Jonathan Bell asked:


Cancer is the number two cause of death in the United States,

preceded only by heart disease. According to the American Cancer Society, more than 559,000 U.S. Americans will die from cancer this year. That’s about 1,500 people a day!

Excluding non-invasive and bladder cancer, about 1.45 million new cancer cases are expected during 2008.

So how is it that any of us gets cancer in the first place? Is it exposure to cigarette smoking, intense sunlight or perhaps the effect of toxic food additives? Dr. Krebs thinks not. All of the hard, biochemical evidence points to the fact that cancer is a simple deficiency disease of vitamin B17, long ago removed from our highly-refined, western diets. Krebs postulates that the so-called ‘carcinogens’ are merely stress triggers that finally expose the B17 deficiency with devastating effect.

In 1974, author and political commentator, Edward G. Griffin, published World Without Cancer, summarizing and analyzing Dr. Krebs’ finding. Krebs and other holistic such as Dr. Thomas A. Doorman, insist that there is no cure for cancer, but that natural sources such as vitamin B-17 help rid the body of cancer.

The American Cancer Society, the American Medical Association and the FDA call this a “quackery” or a scheme to make money. They say that their tests prove vitamin b-17, also known as Laetrile, is not effective for treating cancer.

According to Griffin, the 1953 California Report continues to be the basis of most scientific or legal opposition to vitamin B-17 today. The report, written by Dr. Henry Garland and Dr. E. M. McDonald of the California Medical Association’s Cancer Advisory Commission, claims there is no proof Laetrile is an effective control for cancer.

However, Griffin writes in World Without Cancer that Garland and McDonald actually falsified information from Laetrile experiments cited in the California Report. In fact, 10 years after the report was published, original documents surfaced that proved information had been falsified. Although the report was subsequently updated, additional problems - such as insufficient vitamin dosages used in the experiments - persisted, and the conclusions of the original California Report remained embedded in the literature and minds of many.

During the same time of the experiments on Laetrile, Garland and McDonald said that there wasn’t a connection between lung cancer and cigarette smoking.

Griffin says that studies conducted by groups such as the Sloane-Kettering Institute prove Laetrile is effective, but that they have not been published. Griffin says that the studies were suppressed from “top” directors.

Why would the American Cancer Society and government regulatory agencies suppress the possible wonder of Laetrile?

Mr. Griffin states,”They do that because they’re trying to make a buck, and something that is found in nature, like Laetrile, cannot be patented.”

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a 1 percent drop in the cancer death rate would eliminate about $500 billion from U.S. economy over the next hundred years.

Concentrated forms of Laetrile are sold, but Dr. Krebs suggested consuming it naturally. Apricot kernels are potent in vitamin B-17.

Although holistic treatments for cancer vary, they are less costly than traditional methods such as radiation and chemotherapy.

Survival rate estimate for orthodox treatments for advanced cancer is 1/10 of 1 percent while that of holistic approaches is 15 percent.

No matter how useless or harmful common practices may be, consensus medicine demands that they be used by every physician…if a doctor deviates from this pattern and dares to apply nutrition as the basis of his treatment, even he if attains a high degree of success, he is condemned as a quack.

Nature provides an abundance of B17 to keep us healthy. Unfortunately, she puts it in foods that today we’ve been conditioned into throwing away or avoiding. It seems man has ignored common sense advice going back to ancient times in favor of all the “treats and nutrition” modern manufacturing can provide. Forget the fruit and vegetables. Let’s have chips and cola. Sound familiar parents? Our bodies start the road to nutritional imbalance at a young age without us even realizing. We need to learn to think before we eat!



Posted by Nikhil Gupta

Thomas Johnson asked:


Blood has several components like-red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma -and the cells of the blood are produced at the bone marrow. When the cells of the blood grow abnormally, it is called blood cancer or leukaemia. The whole system of production of blood cells is a controlled activity and when cancer occurs in the bone marrow, it affects the process of regulation of cell production. The abnormal growth of the blood cells weakens the body’s defence mechanism. There are two types of blood cancer-acute leukaemia and chronic leukaemia. 

Acute leukemia:  

Acute leukemia is a type of blood cancer in which the cells develop rapidly. The immature white blood cells gather in and consequently enter the other different parts of the body. Depending on the affection of white blood cell type, in clinical terms acute leukaemia is called either acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) or acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The symptoms of acute leukaemia are 

Generalized weakness and fatigue (this may be due to anaemia) Fever Weight loss Frequent infections Excessive bruising Bleeding (of the gums or nose) Blood in the urine or stools Pain in the bones and joints Breathlessness (can be due to anaemia) Enlarged lymph glands, liver and/or spleen.  

Chronic leukemia: 

In chronic leukemia, the white blood cells of cancer develop slowly than acute leukaemia and they gradually could not do their function well. An increased number of lymphocytes, which make up one of the main sub-groups of white cells in the blood, are seen in chronic leukaemia. This blood cancer has a slow process of development of cancer cells. Depending on the affection of white blood cells, chronic leukaemia is called either chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) or chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML). The peak age for CLL is 65 and it is rare in people under the age of 45.

The following signs may oocur due to chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) or chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL):

Abdominal discomfort (this could be the result of an enlarged spleen) Infections caused by not having enough healthy white blood cells Fever Night sweats Swollen lymph glands Bone pain Weight loss Headaches and vision problems Tiredness Anaemia

Our medical team will guide one to quality blood cancer treatments in Apollo Hospitals. We offer quality treatments at an affordable price with free consultation and no waiting periods. Blood cancer treatment in India for foreign clientele will become easy under the guidance of our medical team. Present scenario of medical treatments in India attracts a good number of health tourists from all over the world.



Posted by Nikhil Gupta

Bob Flushman asked:


My mother died of breast cancer at the age of 54. Her cancer was diagnosed after undergoing a surgical breast biopsy when it was already in its late stage. Although she still underwent chemotherapy sessions, doctors gave her a small chance of survival.

Had her cancer been detected when it was still in its early stage, her chance to survive would have been high. She actually discovered a lump in her left breast three or four years before she passed away but she didn’t go to the doctor for a medical examination. She ignored it and hid it from me and my father. When she found out that the lump was growing, she discussed it with my father but she was still not convinced to see a doctor.

She somehow knew that if she went to a doctor, the doctor would recommend her to undergo a breast biopsy and she was afraid of it. In her mind it would be painful if her breast would be cut open to get samples for laboratory examination. She was only convinced to see a doctor when ulcerations appeared in the lump. It was already more than a year after she first found the lump.

Ignorance or misinformation about medical procedures leads to damaging, if not life threatening problems. Because of misinformation, fear gets in the way for certain diseases or disorders to be diagnosed early.

In our family’s case, misinformation about breast cancer and breast biopsy led to loss of a loved one. It may be too late to save my mother, but just recently I’ve started collecting information about breast cancer and the breast biopsy procedure. I would like to be able to share this information with as many women as possible in the hope that lives will be saved (not only for the patients’ sake but for their children as well).

Breast biopsy is a procedure where sample tissues from a breast where a lump or thickening is found are taken. It is done to determine if the lump or growth is benign or malignant.

Contrary to what my mother thought, this procedure is not only done through surgical means (where an incision is made on the skin to scrape off samples for testing). There are other procedures that are not surgical in nature. These non-surgical procedures can be done in a clinic and can be done fast. Confinement is usually not necessary. These non-invasive procedures do not cause scarring because stitches are not done on the skin.

Breast biopsy procedures are generally not painful. Pain is felt only when anesthesia is injected. Whatever pain is felt can be lessened or alleviated by non-prescription or over-the-counter pain relievers. Risk of complications such as bleeding and infection is small especially in non-surgical means.

Results are obtained within a few days after the procedure. When the result is negative of cancer, the doctor may just recommend the patient to go back regularly for check-ups. Other procedures may not be needed. When the result however shows that the lump is malignant or cancerous, further tests may be done - or for some, immediate treatment may be recommended.

Knowing information regarding a certain disorder or disease like breast cancer is very important. Being correctly informed can be one of our best defenses to survive such disorder or disease. So the next time you are faced with the possibility of being seriously sick, drop the drama and go to a doctor to ask about it or click on the internet and read.



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